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Part 3 VERBAL REASONING
Select one answer choice.
More appropriate water pricing would promote the treatment and reuse of urban wastewater for agricultural irrigation and also encourage improvements in irrigation efficiency. Treatment and reuse is more expensive than most irrigation-related conservation and efficiency measures but often less expensive than developing new water sources. Wastewater contains nitrogen and phosphorus, which can be pollutants when released to lakes and rivers but are nutrients when applied to farmland. Moreover, unlike many other water sources, treated wastewater will be both an expanding and fairly reliable supply, since urban water use will likely double by 2025. Many large cities located along coastlines currently dump their wastewater, treated or untreated, into the ocean, rendering it unavailable for any other purpose and harming coastal marine life.
7.Which of the following does the author suggest as an incentive to the development of more efficient irrigation?
A)Treatment and reuse of urban wastewater
B)Revised pricing of water
C)Reduced costs for urban wastewater treatment
D)Development of new water sources
E)Reduced urban water use
8.Which of the following does the author present as generally the most cost-effective way of meeting demand for water for irrigation?
A)Reducing the amount of water consumed by large cities
B)Treating wastewater that is currently being dumped
C)Increasing the efficiency of current irrigation systems
D)Having new wells drilled
E)Increasing the efficiency of current wastewater treatment projects
Recognizing that the issue of alcohol reform led many women in the United States to become politically active, historians have generally depicted women as a united force behind Prohibition (legislation banning alcoholic beverages, adopted in 1919 and repealed in 1933). In fact, however, women were divided over Prohibition. The Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), claiming to speak for all women's interests, argued that Prohibition protected family life, but the Women's Organization for National Prohibition Reform (WONPR), while advocating temperance, objected to government regulation of private behavior and argued that the widespread disregard for law fostered by Prohibition undermined social order. By opposing the WCTU's position, WONPR members demonstrated that women were independent, in their political thinking, yet even those historians who have discussed the WONPR have failed to recognize this fact. Early studies represented WONPR members as puppets of male brewers, while more recent studies have concluded that the WONPR was a satellite of the similarly minded all-male Association Against the Prohibition Amendment (AAPA), with which the WONPR did work closely, but by no means in a subordinate role.
9.The anther of the passage indicates which of the following about the highlighted “historians”？
A)They hold a view of women's reasons for becoming politically active that has been challenged by recent studies.
B)They exaggerate the extent to which the issue of alcohol reform mobilized women politically.
C)They fail to recognize the extent to which women in the Prohibition era were independent in their political thinking.
D)They misrepresent the members of the WCTU as having chimed to speak for the interests of all women.
E)They assume that women who held the views espoused by the WONPR were not independent political agents.
10.The author mentions “male brewers" primarily in order to
A)point out an unexpected finding
B)illustrate a point made in the previous sentence
C)cast doubt on a point made at the beginning of the passage
D)refute a widely held view
E)suggest that a certain piece of evidence is ambiguous
11.It can be inferred from the passage that members of the WONPR differed with members of the WCTU over which of the following?
A)Whether women's interests lay primarily in the protection of family life
B)Whether temperance was beneficial to families
C)The extent to which the governmenfs in interests were compatible with those of families
D)The way in which temperance could best be promoted
E)The kinds of issues on which women should be politically active
Select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.
12.In Cleopatra: A Life Sehiff ___________Cleopatra, stripping away the accretions of myth built up around the Egyptian queen and plucking off the imaginative embroiderings of Shakespeare and Shaw
A)denigrates
B)elucidates
C)embellishes
D)aggrandizes
E)demystifies
F)manipulates
13.While the environmental detection of nuclear explosions has become ___________ , the ability to detect nuclear weapons programs well before they result in a nuclear device would better serve security objectives.
A)immediate
B)unnecessary
C)redundant
D)straightforward
E)surreptitious
F)unproblematic
14.Although evolutionary psychologists do not seem quite as imperialist in their biting as their sociobiologist forebears of the 1970, they tend, in some critics9 view, to be no less ___________ in their claims.
A)abashed
B)arrogant
C)impetuous
D)hubristic
E)narcissistic
F)diffident
15.In its few decades of existence, the field of technology assessment has undergone large changes: its original high ambitions to predict consequences of technology have been ___________ if not discarded.
A)deferred
B)subverted
C)abandoned
D)relinquished
E)tempered
F)modulated
Select one answer choice.
In Stanton the average number of people injured per automobile accident is consistently higher for accidents involving a taxicab than for those not involving a taxicab. Although all Stanton taxicabs are equipped with passenger seat belts, taxicab drivers report that passengers tend not to use them. It is likely, therefore, that if taxicab passengers were required to use seat belts, the number of people injured per accident would soon be no higher for taxicabs than for other automobiles.
16.Which of the following, if true about Stanton, most seriously weakens the argument?
A)The number of automobile accidents has been declining in recent years.
B)Since taxicabs are driven more miles annually than most other vehicles, they are more likely to be in an accident during any given year than is the average vehicle.
C)There are more taxicabs in operation, relative to the overall number of motor vehicles, than there are in most cities of Stanton's size.
D)The number of people, including the driver, who occupy a vehicle is generally greater for taxicabs than for other vehicles.
E)Not all passengers in automobiles other than taxicabs use seat belts.
Becker hypothesizes that the mass extinction 250 million years ago was caused by environmental consequences from a meteorite or comet impact like the one that many think caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago. Evidence of the latter impact includes the unusually high iridium content in European clay sediments dating from the period. Iridium is a rare metal that comes mostly from meteorites, interplanetary dust, and other cosmic debris. An iridium spike has also been found in 250-million-year-old sediments, but it is only about a tenth as large as the one in the 65-million-year-old sediments. This finding could imply a modest-size meteorite, not one big enough to cause a worldwide extinction. But some meteorites contain very little iridium, and comets which are mostly ice, contain none.
17.The author of the passage mentions “European clay sediments" primarily in order to
A)explain how evidence of impact 65 million years ago was initially discovered
B)make a distinction between different kinds of evidence scientists use to determine the cause of a mass distinction
C)suggest that evidence pointing to an impact 250 million years ago is as compelling as the evidence pointing to an impact 65 million years ago
D)help to rule out explanations other than an impact for a mass extinction 65 million years ago
E)identify some of the grounds for concluding that a mass extinction 65 million years ago was caused by an impact
18.Which of the following best describes the function of the last sentence of the passage?
A)It corrects a misinterpretation of Becker's hypothesis.
B)It suggests an alternative to Becker's hypothesis.
C)It provides information that could reconcile Becker's hypothesis with certain evidence
D)It clarifies a distinction central to Becker's hypothesis
E)It illustrates a paradox central to Becker's hypothesis
Matisse's art, with its spectacular immediacy and its mysterious depths, poses confounding problems for analysis. When in Spurling writes of The Picmo Lesson that “the picture cannot be confined to any single source or meaning,she might be writing of any of Matisse's works. Picasso's themes, with their collage of traditional signs and symbols, are far more susceptible to conventional iconographic analysts than anything in Matisse. Similarly, the cubism of Picasso and Braque, while rejecting traditional perspective, can nevertheless be studied as an inversion of traditional norms, using the same tools that one uses to study those norms. But the solutions that Matisse arrives at are always idiosyncratic and tend to be unrelated to any system of ideas. Intuition is his only system.
Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
19.It can be inferred that the author of the passage would agree with which of the following comparisons between Picassos and Matisse's art?
A)Picasso's art uses traditional symbolism in a way that Matisse's art does not.
B)Picasso's art does not evoke as deep an emotional response as Matisse's art does.
C)Picasso's art is guided less completely by intuition than Matisse's art is.
Select one answer choice.
20.In the context in which it appears, "susceptible to” most neatly means
A)vulnerable to
B)amenable to
C)influenced by
D)prone to
E)exploitable by
