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Part 1 VERBAL REASONING
Select one entry for the blank. Fill the blank in the way that best completes the text.
1.From Neolithic pottery to twentieth-century posters, the extent and variety of the arts in China_____those who search for continuity; nonetheless certain enduring values are reflected in China's artistic traditions.
A)appease
B)enchant
C)confound
D)entice
E)compensate
2.According to the political analyst, the phrase “right to privacy" is used to refer to a variety of conflicting interests that are not easily subsumed under one definition—with the result that the meaning of the phrase itself has become quite_____
A)platitudinous
B)archaic
C)circumscribed
D)nebulous
E)incendiary
For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
3.The (i)_____of preserved plant remains found by archaeologists at late Pleistocene Paleoindian sites led them to hypothesize a Paleoindian lifestyle in which hunting (ii) gathering, but it now appears that excavation techniques skewed the findings, leading to an underestimation of the use of plant foods.
4.Given the (i)_____memories she has of performing m The Boy Friend at the beginning of her career and given the stronger musicals she might have chosen, you might assume that Ms. Andreas would opt todirect (ii)_____show. But she is very fond of this piece, which isn't revived very often and she believes it can in an audience if ifs done right.
5.The explanation of tornado formation according to which tornadoes form during a twisting clash of air masses is clearly (i)_____: such clashes occur very frequently both in the United States and in countries where tornadoes are (ii)_____.
For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
6.Conservationists have proposed various strategies for tropical forest management, but after examinning the ecology and economies of mahogany logging m Bolivia, a team of researchers recently concluded that most well-meaning effect have slim chances for success and could even (i)_____. Not only is sustainable forestry management financially (ii)_____, they say, but adopting such methods could (iii)forest damage
Select one answer choice.
Margaret Bayard Smith's 1836 biographical sketch of Dolley Madison extensively quotes a letter Madison allegedly wrote to her sister in 1814 detailing her last hours in the White House before it was burned by invading troops. Madison, who gave Smith a copy of the letter, provided conflicting accounts of the original documenfs whereabouts. It is possible that in 1814 Madison wrote the letter Smith quoted, or one very similar: other authenticated documents she later wrote agree with its account. More likely, Madison may have edited or embellished the original letter for publication. In contrast to her typically slapdash style, the letter given to Smith unfolds like a novel, in uncharacteristically formal and flowery language. The text also includes details unnecessary in a letter between sisters, though useful to general readers.
7.The author of the passage mentions “other authenticated documents" primarily in order to
A)corroborate Smith's account of how she came into possession of a copy of Madison's letter
B)point out the contrast between the verifiability of the copy of the letter Madison gave Smith and other documents Madison wrote
C)show that Madison did not usually give conflicting accounts of the whereabouts of documents she had produced
D)suggest that the account in the copy of the letter Madison gave to Smith is consistent with the account in the original letter
E)provide evidence that supports the passage's characterization of Madison's usual writing style
Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
8.It can be inferred that the author of the passage finds which of the following factors relevant in evaluating the letter Madison gave to Smith?
A)Inconsistencies in Madison's statements about the original letter
B)The writing style of the letter that Madison gave to Smith
C)The apparent intended audience of the letter that Madison gave to Smith
Select one answer choice.
The human colonization of Europe took place in at least two stages. After half a million years ago, settlement is widespread and well documented in both the northern and the southern regions of Western Europe. Sites in most regions yield hand axes and the skeletal remains of people who appear to have been ancestral to the Neanderthals. But prior to 500,000 years ago, the pattern of settlement is different. Firmly dated sites are extremely rare and currently confined to southern Europe. Although scarce, human skeletal remains must be assigned to other hominid taxa. Hand axes and other bifacial tools are largely一if not wholly-absent.
The earlier phase of occupation, which began at least 800,000 years ago, appears to represent one or more colonization events by relatively small numbers of humans. Both their skeletal morphology and their tools suggest that they may have had little connection with the people who colonized Europe after 500,000 years ago, and they might have failed to establish long-term settlement. The lack of known sites in northern Europe suggests that the initial occupants may have been unable to cope with environments above 41°-42° North (that is, above latitudes already settled by Homo erectus in Asia).
Documenting the early phase of European colonization is difficult because of its limited visibility in the archaeological record. The density of the early European population was probably low, and occupation sites may have been small. Few of the sites are likely to have been preserved, and even these may be particularly difficult to find. Most caves and rock shelters一which protect archaeological remains and are easy to identify as potential sites一erode away in a few hundred thousand years. The majority of the early European sites are buried in sediments deposited by streams, lakes, or springs.
The lack of hand axes presents a special problem for the European sites that antedate half a million years. Such tools are unmistakable products of the human hand, and their presence in later deposits一even in isolated settings一 is firm evidence of human occupation. But prior to 500,000 years ago. Europeans were making simple pebble and flake tools that differed little from the original Oldowan industry [the earliest tools in human history]. These artifacts are often difficult to distinguish from naturally fractured rock, and they are frequently recovered from geologic contexts (such as high-energy stream deposits) likely to contain naturally chipped and broken cobbles and pebbles. As a consequence, most of the reported European sites dating to more than 500,000 years ago are highly problematic.
9.According to the passage, which of the following statements about the tools used by Europeans prior to 500,000 years ago is true?
A)They look very similar to naturally broken rocks.
B)They are unlike the original Oldowan industry.
C)They have been found above 41°-42° North.
D)They closely resemble the tools used by Neanderthals.
E)They have only been found in obscuring geologic contexts.
10.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the people who colonized Europe after 500,000 years ago?
A)Their settlements are hard to accurately date.
B)Their settlements were quite small.
C)Their settlements were less densely populated than those of earlier colonies.
D)They used stone tools that closely resembled naturally fractured rock.
E)They were able to survive in locations where there is no evidence of earlier colonizers.
11.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a reason for the difficulty in documenting the early phase of European colonization?
A)The size of occupation sites
B)The density of the population
C)The location of early European sites
D)The erosion of caves and rock shelters
E)The absence of human skeletal remains
12.The passage suggests which of the following about the people who colonized Europe prior to 500,000 years ago?
A)They probably did not use stone tools.
B)They were probably not ancestors of the Neanderthals.
C)They colonized latitudes above those settled by Homo erectus in Asia.
D)Their skeletons were morphologically similar to later colonizers.
E)Their shelters were more prone to erosion than those of later colonizers.
Select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.
#P#
13.Until the 1960s, predictions of the effect of winds on the ocean waves were（ ）, and forecasts of wave heights during storms were consequently unreliable.
A)rudimentary
B)inaccessible
C)unsophisticated
D)flawed
E)contradictory
F)ignored
14.Changes made to ecosystems in order to achieve a goal such as food production or flood control often（ ）significant unforeseen trade-offs between other important products and services the ecosystems provide.
A)predict
B)delay
C)foretell
D)obscure
E)yield
F)engender
15.Despite the（ ） of medical information available through e-mail the Internet, and mobile devices, not many patents are taking advantage of the potential of electronic communications for health-related needs.
A)wealth
B)complexity
C)intricacy
D)profusion
E)resurgence
F)overload
16.Secord's bold experiment in a different kind of history remains just that—a（ ）narrative form that has not yet achieved its full potential.
A)daring
B)lackluster
C)fledgling
D)nascent
E)dull
F)dubious
Select one answer choice.
Many Namibian farmers raise cattle on farmland that is part of a cheetah's territory. Cheetahs are solitary hunters that hunt in and defend exclusive territories. For decades the farmers have been trapping and killing cheetahs on their land but have found that the frequency with which cheetahs are trapped has not decreased during this period. The Namibian cheetah population, therefore, must not have suffered any significant reduction as a result of the farmers9 practice.
17.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A)The average size of a Namibian cattle herd has not significantly increased in the past several decades.
B)The killing of adult cheetahs by farmers does not often result in the death of cheetah cubs from starvation or predators.
C)Cheetahs do not hunt healthy adult cattle.
D)Cheetahs are seldom killed except on farmland.
E)Namibian cheetah territories located away from farmland have not been increasingly likely to be abandoned in favor of territories that include at least some farmland.
In seventeenth-century Venice, the invention of the opera house as a public institution altered the relationship of the audience to the operatic performance on the stage and to each other. The stage performance was now separated from the audience both by the proscenium arch, which framed the action, and by the orchestra. The occupants of the boxes faced one another across the auditorium as well as the stage. Seeing and being seen was as much a function of the opera house as seeing and hearing what took place on the stage. American visitors to Italy were routinely shocked at the casual ways of the boxholders and at the little attention they seemed of doors, a restless to- and-fro.
Public display was only half the story. The public nature of Venice's social lie was balanced by a passion for disguise. Much of its political activity was conducted in secrecy. Masks were usually worn during carnival, attracting the crowned heads of Europe, who could play there incognito. The Venetian opera box was the equivalent of the mask. With its door shut, with shutters pulled across the front, the box became a place of privacy an association that still exists in our time.
18.The primary purpose of the passage is to
A)criticize the behavior of members of a group
B)analyze the architectural variations in a building style
C)contrast the activities of two different cultures
D)describe the social implications of a space
E)enumerate some of the benefits of privacy
Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply .
19.According to the passage, the boxes of public opera houses served to
A)create privacy for their occupants
B)frame the opera's action for the audience
C)advertise the presence of their occupants
Select one answer choice.
20.Regarding the “crowned heads of Europe," the author implies which of the following?
A)Their presence in the opera audience influenced the kind of subject matter that operas presented.
B)They thought of Venice as an advantageous location for clandestine politics and diplomacy.
C)They took advantage of a Venetian tradition in order to amuse themselves.
D)Their use of the opera box made it fashionable for the Venetian upper classes.
E)They came to carnival to enjoy opera and the sight of masked revelers.
