第九类 历史
26. "Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served."
大多数人都同意一个社会的建筑物代表了它有价值的历史纪录，但是当现代规划者们觉得这些以前的建筑物所占据的土地可以被更有价值的使用于新目的时，就产生了争议，现代发展应该比保留历史建筑物更受重视以便于满足眼下的需求。
Which interest should take precedence should be determined on a case-by-case basis--and should account not only for practical and historic considerations but also aesthetic ones.
1. In determining whether to raze an older building, planners should of course consider the community’s current and anticipated utilitarian needs.
2. Competing with a community’s utilitarian needs is an interest preserving the historical record, the weight of which should also be determined on a case-by-case basic.
3. Also competing with a community’s utilitarian needs is the aesthetic and architectural value of the building itself—apart from historical events with which it might be associated.
过去和现在之建筑物
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48. "The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."
历史研究过于关注个人。历史上最有意义的事件和潮流能够成为可能不是因为几个少数的名人而是一些身份早就被淡忘的人群。
1. Admittedly, at times distinctive groups of people have played a more pivotal role than key individuals in important historical developments.
2. However, undue attention to the efforts and contributions of various groups tends to obscure the cause-and-effect relationship with which the study of history is chiefly concerned.
3. Profound scientific inventions and discoveries of the past are nearly all attributable not to forgettable groups of people but to certain key individuals.
少数和多数，精英和大众
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