想象文学与人
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28. "Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little."
学生们在记忆知识的时候应该先学习有助于解释那些知识的理念、潮流和概念。仅仅死学知识的学生是学不到什么东西的。
1. If we learn only facts, we learn very little.
2. Postponing the memorization of facts until after one learns ideas and concepts holds certain advantages.
3. Conceding that students must learn ideas and concepts, as well as facts relating to them, in order to learning anything meaningful, I nevertheless disagree that the former should always precede the latter.
4. The speaker misunderstands the process by which we learn ideas and concepts, and by which we develop new ones.
5. Strict adherence to the speaker’s advice would surely lead to ill-conceived ideas, concepts and theories.
局部和整体之触类旁通
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42. "Because learning is not a solitary activity but one that requires collaboration among people, students of all ages will benefit academically if they work frequently in groups."
由于学习不是一种孤立的行为而是需要人们之间合作的，所以各种年龄的学生如果经常小组学习的话就会在学术上受益匪浅。
Agree
1. Younger students may learn patience, tact, experience and deliberation from elder ones.
2. Senior students may absorb inspiration, vigor, ambition, and enthusiasm from junior ones.
3. Teamwork spirit is crucial for student’s career success.
少数和多数之学习小组
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57. "The depth of knowledge to be gained from books is much richer and broader than what can be learned from direct experience."
通过书本获得的知识要比通过直接体验获得的知识要更加丰富和广泛。
The statement oversimplifies the issue of learning.
1. The knowledge to be gained from books is important in that it transcends the limitation of personal experience both in time and in space.
2. However, there is high likelihood that book knowledge may not apply to the particular situation one faces here and now.
3. Therefore, it is always necessary to test the knowledge gained from books through practice.
直接经验和间接经验
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59. "Too much emphasis is placed on role models. Instead of copying others, people should learn to think and act independently and thus make the choices that are best for them."
人们在榜样上投入了太多的注意力。与其模仿别人，还不如学习独立思考和做出最适合自己的选择。
Disagree
1. Children need role models to help them develop their personality and character.
2. In addition, role models in the workplace contribute to the forming and maintaining of corporate culture.
3. Finally, independent thinking and action does not necessarily ensure the best choices.
模式化和独立思考
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73. "In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge."
在大多数职业和学术领域中，想象力要比知识更加重要。
Without imagination, one can hardly succeed in any field.
1. Imagination in business is the ability to perceive opportunity.
2. In science, imagination leads to invention and discoveries.
3. Without imagination, there would be no art.
想象力和知识
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92. "In any academic area or professional field, it is just as important to recognize the limits of our knowledge and understanding as it is to acquire new facts and information."
在任何学术或者职业领域中，承认我们知识和理解的不足同获取新的知识同等重要。
1. On the one hand, the speaker’s assertion accords with the everyday experience of working professionals.
2. Moreover, additional knowledge we gain by collecting more information often diminishes—sometimes to the point where marginal gains turn to marginal losses.
3. On the other hand, the speaker’s assertion seems self-contradictory, for how can we know the limits of our knowledge until we’ve thoroughly tested those limits through exhaustive empirical observation—that is, by acquiring facts and information.
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