175. "It is always an individual who is the impetus for innovation; the details may be worked out by a team, but true innovation results from the enterprise and unique perception of an individual."
革新的动力往往来自于个人;革新的细节可能来自于团队，但是实质的革新都是个人努力和独特思维的结果。
1. With respect to business innovation, I agree that it is the vision and commitment of key individuals—such as a firm’s founder or chief executive—from which business burgeon and innovative products, services, and marketing and management strategies emerge.
2. Nevertheless, teamwork and individual enterprise are not necessarily inconsistent, as the speaker would have us believe.
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182. "It is dangerous to trust only intelligence."
只相信聪明才智是危险的。
Intelligence is sufficient in some cases but not in any case.
1. In scientific studies regarding the physical world, we should depend only on intelligence for discovering and testing truths.
2. However, in the realm of human affairs, we have to use both our intelligence and our hearts to solve problems.
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184. "It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data."
在掌握足够资料之前建立理论会导致严重的错误。
1. A theory conjured up without the benefit of data amounts to little more than the theorist’s hopes and desires—what he or she wants to be true and not be true.
2. By theorizing before collecting data the theorist also runs that risk of interpreting that data in a manner which makes it appear to lend more credence to the theory than it actually does.
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187. "It is easy to welcome innovation and accept new ideas. What most people find difficult, however, is accepting the way these new ideas are put into practice."
拥护革新和接受新想法很简单。但是在大多数人们看来，最困难的是接受把这些新想法付诸实现的方式。
1. In areas of politics and law, new ideas are not often easily accepted.
2. Yet once society grows to accept these new ideas, it seems that it has an easier time accepting how they are put into practice.
3. In contrast, consider innovations in the natural sciences. It seems that we universally embrace any new technology in the name of progress. Of course there are always informed dissenters with legitimate concerns.
4. Yet the reasons why these dissenters oppose certain innovations have to do with their potential applications and uses, not with the innovations themselves.
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188. "Success, whether academic or professional, involves an ability to survive in a new environment and, eventually, to change it."
成功，无论是学术上的还是职业上的，都涉及了适应新环境并最终改变新环境的能力。
1. Regarding academic success, the speaker overstates the significance of environment.
2. Turning next to professional success, and considering the two traditional professions of law and medicine, the speaker’s claim unfairly overrates the ability to change one’s professional environment as a key ingredient of professional success.
3. In contrast, when it comes to certain other professions, such as business and scientific research, the speaker’s claim is far more compelling.
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