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　　1.Common and easily accessible resources (prey for predators or hosts for parasites) should be, all other things being equal, used frequently (Jaenike 1990). Still, some apparently accessible and suitable resources remain ________.

　　unexploited未开发的;未被利用的

　　2.Precedent ______ judicial restraint and ______ a judge's ability to determine the outcome of a case in a way that he or she might choose if there were no precedent. This function of precedent gives it its moral force.

　　promotes 促进;提升;推销

　　limits限制;限定

　　3.To pay for the extra spending, each American would have to contribute less than the cost of buying a cappuccino from Starbucks once a week. Aid is not a _______, and, even if the funding Sachs wants were to ________, his grandest objectives may well remain unfulfilled. But, targeted carefully, aid can reward responsible governments, _______ individual initiative, and alleviate suffering. Surely that’s worth a cup of coffee.

　　panacea 灵丹妙药;万能药

　　materialize 实现，成形

　　encourage 鼓励

　　4.Dadaism, the to-hell-with-art art movement that began in Zurich nearly a century ago, is the subject of a rivetingly lucid exhibition at the National Gallery of Art in Washington. The show is nothing if not _______, for the visual arts are currently awash in Dadaist gestures and gambits of one variety or another.

　　timely 及时的;适时的

　　5.Our mass media are much more fascinated by bad ideas or the failure of good ones than by successes: we drown in bad news—tales of how things went wrong—but we have only the most ______ discussion on how they might go right.

　　cursory 粗略的;草率的;匆忙的

　　6.A significant element of the Gothic mode, the literary grotesque--which includes incongruous, abnormal, "monstrous" characters, situations, and events--is sometimes discussed, especially within the American literary tradition, as if it were ___________ Gothic or, conversely, as if it were something entirely different from Gothic.

　　a synonym for 是……同义词

　　7.To that end, the municipal Traffic Planning Department here in Zurich has been working overtime in recent years to _______ drivers. Closely spaced red lights have been added on roads into town, causing delays and angst for commuters. Pedestrian underpasses that once allowed traffic to flow freely across major intersections have been ________.

　　torment 折磨，使痛苦

　　removed 移除

　　8.When pulsars were first discovered there was a brief moment when astro-physicists in the discovery team(Jocelyn Bell and Anthony Hewish at Cambridge University) _______ they had ___________ extraterrestrial intelligence. The periodic nature of the pulsar radiation pattern was seen to be a possible _________ rather than the product of a spinning neutron star.believed

　　evidence of

　　constructed code 构造代码

　　9.There is no way to listen to the string quartets of Shostakovich and not wonder about their external meanings. In the Western art music tradition, the string quartet genre has been celebrated for its rigor and coherence. But this Soviet composer, whose reputation has been wrestled over almost since his death in 1975, gave us string quartets ________.

　　without stability

　　10. their quest for kinder cutting, physicians increasingly rely on endoscopic surgery, replacing large scalpels and clamps with cameras and ______ tools that snake into the body through tiny holes.

　　flexible灵活的;柔韧的

　　11.According to some political analysts, the candidate's occasionally rambling response to questions suggest that he has been out of circulation for a while and his debating skills need to be __________.

　　enhanced / honed磨炼，锤炼;使精通

　　12.As ordinary photography moves into the digital realm-as we replace atoms with bits by recording images in binary code-family albums will last forever. Home videos, unless lost or destroyed, will be _______ too. Our capacity to store them in the microscopic world of silicon chips and magnetic and optical disks is, for all practical purposes, approaching the infinite. I’m not sure we’re ready for such a transformation. In life as we have known it, old photos fade and crumble, and boxes of them, along with albums, slides, and reels of family movies, disintegrate and are eventually _______. Only a few precious mementos are preserved, perhaps restored, and passed along. The natural world teaches us that _______ are vital to ecological health.

　　eternal 永恒的;不朽的

　　discarded 抛弃;放弃

　　death and decay 死亡和腐烂

　　13.But opinions diverge on whether the diverse and often unexpected phenomena that can occur in systems more complex than individual particles truly represent new physical principles at work, or whether the principles involved are _______, relying, albeit in a terribly complicated way, on the physical principles governing the enormously large number of elementary constituents.

　　derivative 派生的;引出的

　　14. Wolves, it seems, leaven their otherwise strongly hierarchical society with occasional displays of populist _______, and if a pack leader proves a too-snappish tyrant, subordinate wolves will _________the top cur.

　　umbrage 怀疑

　　collude to overthrow密谋推翻

　　15.The central idea of Wilson’s consilience world-view is that “all tangible phenomena, from the birth of stars to the workings of social institutions, are based on material processes that are ultimately reducible, however long and _______ the sequences, to the laws of physics.

　　tortuous 扭曲的，弯曲的;啰嗦的

　　16.It can be _______ to read Margaret Fuller’s travel writing, as she produced accounts of her travel that________conventions of bourgeois travel narrative, often capitulating to the most well-worn clichés of the genre at precisely the moments when she sought most energetically to cast them off in favor of some new, more passionate mode of discernment.

　　frustrating 令人沮丧的

　　conform to 符合;遵照

　　17.But because archaeology addresses the most basic questions and explores the most profound changes in human history by means of a grossly incomplete record—and perhaps because it was long the province of aristocrats and buccaneers—it has invited the sort of bold interpretations in which speculation can too easily become ________ evidence.

　　untethered from 脱离

　　18.Evolutionary psychologists are not as imperialist in their ambitions as their sociobiologist forebears of the nineteen-seventies, but they tend to be no less _______ in their claims.

　　hubristic 傲慢的

　　19.To function as an _______, the critic needs, above all else, to write well. A badly written book review is worse than a badly written political speech or greeting card or poem; a badly written review is _________, like a barber with a terrible haircut. The best way to establish critical authority is to demonstrate, in your own prose, a vitality at least equivalent to that of the book you’re writing about. There are other ways to do it, but that’s the most immediately convincing.

　　evangelist 福音传道者

　　self-canceling 自我抵消

　　20.campus-wide discussions on academic integrity can be _______ by the fact that faculty and students tend to define cheating in ______ ways (Kidwell, Wozniak, & Laurel, 2003; Nuss, 1984; Pincus & Schmelkin, 2003; Stern & Havlicek, 1986). Even when they concur on what cheating means, faculty and students often assign different levels of severity to specific violations (Pincus & Schmelkin, 2003). These disparities can lead to the creation of a "we versus they mentality" (Kidwell et al., 2003: 213) and so, serve as a major __________ the creation of a commonly accepted set of standards of integrity that are consistently applied to all academic work within the campus community.

　　hampered 妨碍;束缚

　　unique

　　impediment to 障碍

　　21.But scenes of bustling streets and well-dressed Congolese going about their business ______ the growing hardship faced by all but the richest local residents, or Kinois.

　　belie 掩饰

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