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　　36"The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries."

　　* 部分同意

　　1、被评价者的思想可能很超前，同时代人还无法理解

　　Van Gogh; Copernicus

　　Albert Einstain, who developed a brand new theory, which expands the frontier of physics tremendously, relative theory. Although it has b een proved the most significant discovery in 20th century, it was understood and accepted by no more than ten people at that time.

　　2、有些人的成就可能与同时代的统治利益冲突而被打压，直到后人平反。比如马克吐温的小说。

　　3、也有一些人的成就被同时代的人认可

　　Bill Gates. Although he is not old and still in his heyday, we can asses him with full confidence that he is a very successful businessman, not only due to his great wealth but also due to the tremendous change he and his products bring to the world. Therefore, we cannot neglect the possibility individual's greatness be perfectly evalua ted by his contemporaries.

　　*ISSUE36

　　一个人是否伟大是由后人评定的，而非他同时代的人

　　关键词：人的伟大，决定于，后人，同代人

　　核心：伟大

　　1 伟大的判定-决定一个人是否伟大的标准通常是对方是否给自己或自己生活的社会带来了利益和好处

　　2 根据这点-后人认为某人伟大，因为它给当时带来了利益+当代人是根据它有没有给当代带来好处

　　3 后人判定分两种情况-在当初背否认，现在承认+当初作用很小，现在意义重大，体现其伟大

　　4 当代人判定分两种情况-暂时性的好处，如某种经济政策(计划经济给俄国带来暂时的经济恢复后又不适应市场了……)+长期有益的(如环保类的)

　　5 结论

　　一个人是否为大事由后人评定的而非他同时代的人。

　　不同意：In my view the speaker unfairly generalizes. In some areas 。。。However, in other areas, particularly t。。。In still other areas 。。。varies from case to case.

　　科学：1。应用性：比如电灯的发明;蒸汽机啥的

　　比如微软;基因水稻

　　2.理论性：比如爱因斯坦相对论;

　　比如地心说日心说;

　　3.艺术也一样：大众艺术，比如电影啊，节目收视率;畅销书;

　　非主流艺术，比如凡高，比如史记

　　*当代人认同

　　一、同意，因为 Though people set great ostensible...，但claim 太绝对, 含有 only，better revised ，business，sports

　　二、limited to traditions and conflicting with conventional wisdom ，被贬成 heterodoxy

　　1. Copernicus, Darwin

　　2.与主流 ideology 冲突

　　三、需要被证明 History also informs us that most of new ideas beyond the ken of general people should be tested by their abilities, in combination with events, to overcome iner tia and resistance that conventional wisdom provides.

　　1.既得利益很难克服 It is because the vested interest in understanding is more preciously guarded than any other treasure that people defend with great passion their traditional ideas which they have so laboriously learned.

　　2. Mendel

　　四、What appears to be true in scientific world is even truer in the fiel ds of philosophy, sociology, and economics, where there is no absolutely correct solution to a problem.

　　1. 经济学例子 Joan Robinson, Keynes

　　五、但有些也可以被人同,business sports，相对短时间 the claim is not unexceptionable when it comes to the business world and sports sphere wh ere it is easier to see the values.

　　1. Jack Welch

　　2.Sports, 人们可以 distinguish whether good player Schumacher

　　36T "The greatness of individual s can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries."

　　* 只有后来人评价以前的人，而不应该同时代的人相互评价

　　① The greatness of individuals cannot be appreciated by their contemporaries in large part is due to their outstanding talent and their transcendental intelligence which surpass the common cognition of general public and their peers. 如：梵高Gogh, Vincent van, the sunflower, starry night. 死后才被追认为印象派(impressionism)大师master

　　Dutch postimpressionist painter whose early works, such as Th e Potato Eaters (1885), portray peasant life in somber, dark colors. His later work s, including numerous self-portraits, a series of sunflower paintings (1888), and Starry Night (1889), are characterized by bold, rhythmic brush strokes and vivid colors. Hi s long struggle with depression ended in suicide.

　　② 与①相反，有一部分工程 project 在当时看起来很好，随时间推移显出坏处。如：政治家的政绩 achievement in one's post 工程。不考虑后代的利益，留下棘手的问题跟下一任。Under such circumstance, greatness must be tested over time before it can be confirmed.

　　③ 当代人还可能受当时的社会意识形态 ideology、舆论传播的影响。Only time will tell

　　④ 后代人来评说也有问题。可能不能考虑到当时的历史环境以及其他历史条件的限制。不能be personally on the scene

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